[1] Lee, C. C., & Egbu, C. O. (2007). Information technology tools for capturing and communicating learning and experiences in construction SMEs in developed and developing countires. Journal of Information Technology in Construction (ITcon), 12(11), 167-180.
[2] Matyushok, V., Vera Krasavina, V., Berezin, A., & Sendra Garcia, J. (2021). The global economy in technological transformation conditions: A review of modern trends. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istraživanja, 34(1), 1471-1497. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2020.1844030
[3] Lin, B. W. (2003). Technology transfer as technological learning: a source of competitive advantage for firms with limited R&D resources. R&D Management, 33(3), 327-341. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9310.00301
[4] Gopinath, M., & Upadhyay, M. P. (2002). Human capital, technology, and specialization: a comparison of developed and developing countries. Journal of Economics, 75(2), 161-179.
[5] Mofam, R., Nafiu, A., Asuquo, P., & Igwe, A. (2023). The Impact of International Technology Transfer on Technology Gap in the Context of Developing Countries. Innovare Journal of Education, 11(4), 1-20. Doi: https://doi.org/10.22159/ijoe.2023v11i4.48093
[6] Arenas, J. J., & González, D. (2018). Technology transfer models and elements in the university-industry collaboration. Administrative sciences, 8(2), 19. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci8020019
[7] Nazeer, N. (2019). Technology Transfer and Technological Capability Building: A Study of Textile and Clothing Industry of Pakistan (Doctoral dissertation, University of Malaya (Malaysia)).
[8] Toloei Ashlaghi, A., Motadel, M. R., Ehtesham, R, Reza. (2009) Presenting an analytical model in establishing a lean production system (Case study: Leather and footwear industry of Tehran province). Journal of Industrial Strategic Management (Internet).6(13):36-45.
[9] Zolghadr, Hamid, Tahmasebi, Dariush and Zolghadr, Ali. (2019). Presenting a framework for the strategy of expanding the domestic market of the footwear industry. Quarterly Journal of Strategic Management Studies, 11(42), 37-58.
[10] Tahmorsi, A. (2017). Trends in Iranian shoe industry developments. Shoe Industry, 236.
[11] Corbin, J., & Strauss, A. (2014). Basics of qualitative research: Techniques and procedures for developing grounded theory. Sage publications.
[12] Rahemi, M., Bayat Turk, A., & HaghighatMonfared, J. (2024). Developing a technology transfer model from the defense level to the national level using grounded theory. Journal of Improvement Management, 18(1), 145-168.
[13] Sabbaghian, Reza,. Zakeri,. Amir, Nemati Khaniki, Samira. (2024) Investigating the factors affecting the promotion of Iran's leather industry in the global value chain with emphasis on technological capabilities. Management Improvement, 18(2): 74-102.
[14] Ghalambor, M. A., & Firozpour, A. (2025). Future-proofing footwear: Scenario-based sustainable innovation for SDG alignment in Iranian MSMEs within the textile industry. Journal of the International Council for Small Business, 1-25.
[15] Zamani, B. (2023). Challenges of Footwear Business Internationalisation in Emerging Economies: A Multilayer Sustainable Decision-Making Approach. In Decision-Making in International Entrepreneurship: Unveiling Cognitive Implications Towards Entrepreneurial Internationalisation (pp. 167-193). Emerald Publishing Limited. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-80382-233-420231009
[16] Khamseh, Sara and Sadeghi Kiakhani, Musa. (2018). Application of new technologies to create smart surfaces on textile surfaces. Textile and Clothing Science and Technology, 7(3), 29-38.
[17] Behrouz, Mahsa, Faqhi Farahmand, Naser and Rahmani Youshanloui, Kamaluddin. (1403). Designing a model of factors affecting the development and growth of innovative shoe and leather industrial clusters using structural-interpretive modeling techniques (a case study of industries active in the shoe and leather sector in Tabriz). Innovation Management, 13(4), 73-100.
[18] Wahab, S. A., Rose, R. C., & Osman, S. I. W. (2012). Defining the concepts of technology and technology transfer: A literature analysis. International business research, 5(1), 61-71. Doi: https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v5n1p61
[19] Conlé, M., Kroll, H., Storz, C., & Ten Brink, T. (2023). University satellite institutes as exogenous facilitators of technology transfer ecosystem development. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 48(1), 147-180. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10961-021-09909-7
[20] Attarpour, M., Elyasi, M., & Mohammadi, A. (2023). Patterns of technological capability development in Iran's steel industry: An analysis based on windows of opportunity for technological learning. Resources Policy, 85, 104040. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104040
[21] Miranda, J. A. (2004). American machinery and European footwear: technology transfer and international trade, 1860–1939. Business History, 46(2), 195-218. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/0007679042000215106
[22] Pasquali, G., & De Marchi, V. (2022). Public governance and technological capabilities in the Kenyan leather industry. African Affairs, 121(484), 419-441. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adac025
[23] Khoshtainat, Behnaz, Hosseinian, Seyed Ahmad and Norouzi, Mahnaz. (2025). The effect of strategic market intelligence on the international marketing performance of national brands in the textile industry with regard to the moderating role of competitive strategies. Textile and Clothing Science and Technology, 14(2), 92-108.
[24] Jadari-Sefidgari, Ayoub, Fakhimi-Azar, Sirous, Faryabi, Mohammad and Alavi-Matin, Baqub. (2013). Presenting a model of internationalization of small and medium-sized industries with marketing innovation: with emphasis on the mediating role of market orientation and marketing capabilities (leather industries of East Azerbaijan province). Quarterly Journal of Geography (Regional Planning), 12(47), 540-553.
[25] Kefale, G. Y., Bizuneh, B., Getachew, L., & Karthikeyan, R. (2025). Innovative Pathways in Leather Industry: A Comprehensive Review of Sustainable Technologies and Strategies: SUSTAINABLE INNOVATIONS IN LEATHER INDUSTRY. Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research (JSIR), 84(6), 703-715. Doi: https://doi.org/10.56042/jsir.v84i6.10781
[26] Raghava Rao, J., Jayakumar, G. C., & Ramasami, T. (2024). Call for a Unique North-South-South-Triangular Co-operation for Education for Leather and Allied Sector. In Emerging Trends in Leather Science and Technology (pp. 335-369). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-9754-1_13
[27] Burns, G. T., & Joubert, D. P. (2024). Running shoes of the postmodern footwear era: A narrative overview of advanced footwear technology. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 19(10), 975-986. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2023-0446
[28] Karyadi, K., Sukarman, S., Mulyadi, D., Ulhakim, M. T., Fazrin, N., Irfani, T., ... & Mucharrom, F. (2024). The Square cup deep drawing: Technology transfer from experts to increase production in small and medium enterprise (SME) groups. Mechanical Engineering for Society and Industry, 4(1), 38-49. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31603/mesi.10298
[29] Goldkuhl, G., & Cronholm, S. (2010). Adding theoretical grounding to grounded theory: Toward multi-grounded theory. International journal of qualitative methods, 9(2), 187-205. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691000900205
[30] Sandelowski, M., Sandelowski, M. J., & Barroso, J. (2006). Handbook for synthesizing qualitative research. springer publishing company.
[31] Botchie, D., Sarpong, D., & Bi, J. (2018). A comparative study of appropriateness and mechanisms of hard and soft technologies transfer. Technological forecasting and social change, 131, 214-226. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.08.010
[32] Hassanpour, M. (2019). Evaluation of Iranian textile and leather industries. Journal of applied research on industrial engineering, 6(1), 33-51.
[33] Tang, H., Jiang, Y., Peng, Z., Liu, Y., & Yu, B. (2023). Manufacturing industry relocation trends from the perspective of field theory: The case of the belt and road Sino-Europe economic corridor. Ocean & Coastal Management, 244, 106825. Dio: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2023.106825
[34] Tsega, T. T., Thoben, K. D., Rao, D. N., & Haile, B. (2023). Challenges of supplying raw material to the locally established leather and leather products manufacturing industry. Ethiopian Journal of Science and Technology, 16(1), 13-28. Doi: https://doi.org/10.4314/ejst.v15i1.2
[35] Rocha, R., Galvão, A. R., Marques, C. S., Mascarenhas, C., & Braga, V. (2020). Cooperation networks and embeddedness—The case of the portuguese footwear sector. Sustainability, 12(22), 9612. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su12229612
[36] Khatami, F., Rinaldi, F. R., Salvato, C., & Ferraris, A. (2024). Country‐level analysis of the relationships between sustainability and the textile–clothing–leather–footwear industries. Business Strategy and the Environment, 33(8), 8668-8678. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.3940
[37] Islam, R., Noyon, M. A. R., Dey, T. K., Jamal, M., Rathanasamy, R., Chinnasamy, M., & Uddin, M. E. (2023). Fabrication of graphene oxide reinforced biocomposite: recycling of postconsumed footwear leather. Advances in Polymer technology, 2023(1), 3996687. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1155/2023/3996687
[38] Silva, R., Coelho, A., Sousa, N., & Quesado, P. (2021). Family business management: a case study in the Portuguese footwear industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(1), 55. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/joitmc7010055
[39] Carvalho, I., Ferdov, S., Mansilla, C., Marques, S. M., Cerqueira, M. A., Pastrana, L. M., ... & Carvalho, S. (2018). Development of antimicrobial leather modified with Ag–TiO2 nanoparticles for footwear industry. Science and Technology of Materials, 30, 60-68. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.stmat.2018.09.002
[40] Velasquez, I., Silva, S. C. E., Martyniuk, V. L., & Casas, A. L. L. (2025). Offshore outsourcing as a business strategy: a qualitative study of the adoption of offshoring by the Portuguese footwear industry. International Journal of Business Excellence, 35(4), 518-540. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1504/ijbex.2025.145159
[41] Chiu, W. H., Shih, Y. S., Chu, L. S., & Chen, S. L. (2022). Merger and acquisitions integration, implementation as innovative approach toward sustainable competitive advantage: a case analysis from Chinese sports brands. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 869836. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.869836
[42] Akhtar, M., Gunasekaran, A., & Kayikci, Y. (2023). A novel stochastic fuzzy decision model for agile and sustainable global manufacturing outsourcing partner selection in footwear industry. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 36(4), 979-1007. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/jeim-12-2021-0537
[43] Su, F., Song, N., Shang, H., & Fahad, S. (2023). Industrial agglomeration, spatial-temporal evolution and its driving factors: spatial interaction in Chinese leather industry. Economic research-Ekonomska istraživanja, 36(1). Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677x.2023.2179504
[44] Fan, P., & Liu, Z. (2025). Formation mechanisms of dynamic capabilities based on relational capital of enterprises in emerging economies under institutional change: a multiple case study in the context of China’s reform and opening-up. Asian Journal of Technology Innovation, 33(2), 688-731. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19761597.2024.2389049
[45] Di Roma, A. (2017). Footwear Design. The paradox of" tailored shoe" in the contemporary digital manufacturing systems. The design journal, 20(sup1), S2689-S2699. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14606925.2017.1352780
[46] Cui, T. Z., Raji, R. K., Han, J. L., & Chen, Y. (2024). Application of 3D printing technology in footwear design and manufacture–A review of developing trends. Textile & Leather Review, 7, 1304-1321. Doi: https://doi.org/10.31881/tlr.2024.151
[47] Mushahary, J., & Mirunalini, V. (2017). Waste management in leather industry–Environmental and health effects and suggestions to use in construction purposes. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4).
[48] Machado, C. P., Morandi, M. I. W., & Sellitto, M. (2019). System dynamics and learning scenarios for process improvement and regional resilience: a study in the Footwear Industry of Southern Brazil. Systemic Practice and Action Research, 32(6), 663-686. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11213-019-9480-4
[49] Belso, J. A., Diez-Vial, I., Martín-de Castro, G., & Hervas-Oliver, J. L. (2025). How much do cluster institutions drive a firm’s green innovation? A multi-level analysis. Regional Studies, 59(1), 2298317. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2023.2298317
[50] Shafaei, R., Shahriari, H., & Moradi, M. (2009). Investigation of leather industry competitiveness in Iran. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 13(3), 343-357. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1108/13612020910974483
[51] Bondar, O., Chertenko, L., Spahiu, T., & Shehi, E. (2024). Shoe customization in a mass-production mode. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics, 19, 15589250241239247. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/15589250241239247
[52] Vasagam, S. N., Ravikumar, B., Kavibharathi, R., Keerthana, J., Narayanan, R. S., & Geetika, K. (2024). Prediction of leather footwear export using learning algorithms based on ANN model. Expert Systems with Applications, 238, 121809. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2023.121809
[53] Mihai, A., Seul, A., Curteza, A., & Costea, M. (2022). Mechanical parameters of leather in relation to technological processing of the footwear uppers. Materials, 15(15), 5107. Doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15155107
[54] Uddin, K. Z., Nguyen, H. A., Nguyen, T. T., Trkov, M., Youssef, G., & Koohbor, B. (2024). In-plane density gradation of shoe midsoles for optimized cushioning performance. arXiv preprint arXiv:2401.06940. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1177/17543371241272843
[55] Laurenti, R., Redwood, M., Puig, R., & Frostell, B. (2017). Measuring the environmental footprint of leather processing technologies. Journal of Industrial Ecology, 21(5), 1180-1187. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/jiec.12504
[56] Kılıç, E., McLaren, S. J., Holmes, G., Fullana-i-Palmer, P., & Puig, R. (2023). Product environmental footprint of New Zealand leather production. The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 28(4), 349-366. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11367-023-02143-3
