The present study aimed to identify and prioritize the risks affecting business process management (BPM) in the spinning industry. Given the critical role of production, quality control, maintenance and repair, raw material procurement, and occupational safety processes in the operational performance of spinning mills, the systematic identification, assessment, and management of risks affecting these processes is of particular significance. In terms of its purpose, this study is classified as applied research, while in terms of its methodological approach, it employs a survey research design. The study population comprised managers, specialists, and subject-matter experts working in spinning mills in Mazandaran Province, Iran. Participants were selected using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. In the initial stage, risks associated with business processes were identified through a comprehensive review of the relevant literature, semi-structured interviews with experts, and a structured questionnaire. Subsequently, the identified risks were assessed and screened using Failure Mode and Effects Analysis (FMEA). Following the risk assessment and screening stage, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was employed to determine the relative importance of the identified risks and establish their final priority ranking. The results revealed that risks related to the calibration of components and instrumentation, inadequate raw material quality, and insufficient automation within production and sales strategies received the highest priority among the identified risks. The findings further indicate that a substantial proportion of the risks confronting the spinning industry do not originate from isolated or transient events; rather, they are primarily attributable to deficiencies in process control and monitoring, inefficiencies in management systems, and limitations in the adoption and effective utilization of advanced technologies. Accordingly, the effective identification, assessment, prioritization, and management of these risks can play a significant role in enhancing operational productivity, improving product quality, reducing production downtime, and ultimately strengthening the overall performance and effectiveness of business processes in the spinning industry.