Metal-organic framework nanostructures, as a new class of hybrid compounds called porous coordination polymers, are prepared by assembling primary building blocks in various ways through self-assembly of ligands with donor atoms and metal ions. The promising potential of these porous nanostructures as nanosorbents to solve environmental pollution problems has attracted much attention due to their uniform porosity, large surface area, and tunability of the size, shape, dimensions, and surface functional groups of the pores by changing the composition of the ligand and metal ions. Nowadays, the use of metal-organic framework-based compounds as alternative products is rapidly growing due to their unique physicochemical properties in the adsorption of ions such as nitrate, heavy elements such as lead, dyes such as methylene blue, and drugs such as ibuprofen from water due to the increasing population growth. The aim of this study is to describe the strategy of nanoadsorbents based on MOF nanostructures in the removal of dyes from aqueous media. In this context, the search method is based on the studies of MOFs as the scope of the resources to date. Focusing on the classification of adsorption of different dyes by metal-organic framework nanostructures is discussed. The enhancement of the dye separation performance in a cost-effective and highly efficient manner compared to current commercial adsorbents is the most important comparative and main result of the application of MOFs in this field. The research gap is to present these compounds as a milestone in improving the treatment methods for dye removal. Therefore, the application of metal-organic framework nanostructures as a new generation of dye nanoadsorbents for water and wastewater treatment is expanding as future research prospects.