Air pollution and the increasing spread of pathogenic agents have highlighted the need for the development of filtration materials with high efficiency and improved functional performance. In this study, electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibers modified with iron sulfate and copper sulfate salts were fabricated and preliminarily evaluated as potential filtration media. Initially, the optimal electrospinning conditions were determined by investigating the effects of solution concentration, applied voltage, feeding rate, and needle-to-collector distance. Subsequently, four types of nanofibrous layers, including pristine cellulose acetate, cellulose acetate containing iron sulfate, cellulose acetate containing copper sulfate, and cellulose acetate containing both iron sulfate and copper sulfate, were prepared. The morphological characteristics and fiber diameter were evaluated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), mechanical properties were assessed by tensile testing, filtration performance and pressure drop were determined under the specified test conditions, and preliminary changes in microbial growth were investigated. The results demonstrated that increasing the cellulose acetate concentration to 18 wt% reduced bead formation and resulted in the formation of more uniform nanofibers. The optimum electrospinning parameters were determined as an 18 wt% polymer concentration, an applied voltage of 17 kV, a needle-to-collector distance of 70 mm, and a solution feeding rate of 1 mL h⁻¹. The incorporation of metal salts altered the fiber morphology and decreased the average fiber diameter, with the measured diameters ranging within [actual value] nm. The cellulose acetate containing both iron sulfate and copper sulphate sample exhibited a filtration efficiency of [actual value]% for particles with a size of [particle size] µm and a pressure drop of [actual value] [unit] under the applied test conditions. The mechanical and filtration results were reported based on [number of independent replicates] independent replicates and expressed as mean ± standard deviation. Preliminary microbial growth evaluation indicated that the presence of metal salts was associated with changes in the observed colony growth patterns. However, due to the lack of reference microbial strains and quantitative antimicrobial analysis, these findings are considered preliminary evidence of the possible effect of metal-containing compounds on microbial growth rather than definitive antimicrobial activity. Overall, the developed metal salt-modified cellulose acetate nanofibrous layers demonstrated potential for further investigation as filtration media. Nevertheless, additional studies, including biosafety assessment, metal ion release evaluation, long-term performance stability under realistic conditions, and standardized application-related testing, are required before considering practical implementation.