علوم و فناوری نساجی و پوشاک

علوم و فناوری نساجی و پوشاک

حسگرهای پوشیدنی مبتنی بر کریگامی: مروری بر طراحی و عملکرد

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان
1 دانشکده مهندسی نساجی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران
2 اصفهان-دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان- دانشکده مهندسی نساجی- کدپستی:8415683111
چکیده
کریگامی/ اوریگامی به عنوان هنر باستانی برش کاغذ و روش‌های تا کردن کاغذ شناخته می‌شود که همچنین به طراحی و مهندسی مواد، منسوجات و ساختارهای چندمنظوره تبدیل شده است. هندسه‌ی طراحی شده‌ی این ساختارها از طریق ایجاد برش‌های ظریف و تا کردن صفحات اولیه‌ ایجاد می‌شود. این هندسه‌ی منحصر‌به‌فرد، قابلیت ایجاد منسوجاتی با رفتارهای مکانیکی خاص مانند تغییر شکل دقیق، رفتار برون‌گستر، کشسانی بسیار بالا و پایداری چندین جهته را داشته و دامنه‌ی وسیعی از کاربردها را در مقیاس‌ مختلف فراهم آورده است. این روش ساده یک زیرساخت انعطاف‌پذیر برای ادغام اجزای الکتریکی مختلف و اجزای پاسخگر( حسگرها) ارائه می‌دهد و راه را برای توسعه‌ی پوشاک هوشمند در کاربردهای آینده هموار می‌کند. توسعه‌ی فرایندهای مختلف ساخت کریگامی الهام بخش تحقیقات در زمینه‌ انتخاب مواد مناسب مانند پلیمرهای انعطاف‌پذیر، صفحات رسانا و نانومواد بوده است که کاربرد این فناوری را در منسوجات هوشمند، حوزه‌ی سلامت، ورزش و غیره هموار کرده است. این مقاله، به بررسی پیشینه‌ی ساختارهای کریگامی می‌پردازد، سپس انواع حسگرهای کریگامی، مواد قابل استفاده در آن‌ها، اصول طراحی و ویژگی‌های آن‌ها را بررسی کرده و در نهایت دامنه‌ی وسیعی از کاربردهای مهندسی مانند حسگرهای پوشیدنی (برای اندازه‌گیری و نظارت بر ضربان قلب، تنفس، حرکت مفاصل و غیره)، ساختارهای منعطف الکترونیک و ابزارهای محافظت از سلامت عمومی انسان را در کاربردهای پوشیدنی مرور خواهد کرد.
کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله English

Kirigami-based wearable sensors: A review of design and performance

نویسندگان English

Mohsen Shanbeh 1
Hanieh Golshadi 2
1 Faculty of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
2 Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan8415683111, Iran.
چکیده English

Kirigami/ origami serves as the ancient art of paper-cutting and paper-folding techniques that are also functionalized into the design and engineering of multi-functional materials and textiles. The techniques based on slit cutting with carefully designed geometries involve the folding and cutting of initial substrates. This distinctive geometry enables specific mechanical behaviors such as accurate shape morphing, auxetics behavior, super-stretchability, and multi-stability, providing a wide range of applications at different length scales. This facile technique offers a flexible foundation for integrating various electronics and responsive components, paving the way for future sensor development in smart textiles. The advancement of various Kirigami fabrication processes has spurred extensive research into the diverse array of materials applications. These materials include flexible substrate, conductive sheets, and nanomaterials, which have shown immense potential the fields such as medical, healthcare, sport, and many others. This paper will discuss the background of kirigami structures and then introduce different types of kirigami sensors and the materials, techniques, and characterization used. Ultimately, this work aims to review a wide field of engineering applications, like wearable and wireless sensors (for monitoring heart rate, respiration, joint movements, etc.), flexible electronics, and healthcare devices for wearable applications.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

Kirigami
Smart textile
Strain Sensors
Pressure Sensors
Sensitivity
[1] J. J. Park, P. Won, and S. H. Ko, “A Review on Hierarchical Origami and Kirigami Structure for Engineering Applications,” International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing - Green Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 147–161, 2019, doi: 10.1007/s40684-019-00027-2.
[2]J. Tao, H. Khosravi, V. Deshpande, and S. Li, “Engineering by Cuts: How Kirigami Principle Enables Unique Mechanical Properties and Functionalities,” Advanced Science, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 2204733, 2023, doi: 10.1002/advs.202204733.
[3]        K. Xu, Y. Lu, S. Honda, T. Arie, S. Akita, and K. Takei, “Highly stable kirigami-structured stretchable strain sensors for perdurable wearable electronics,” J Mater Chem C Mater, vol. 7, no. 31, pp. 9609–9617, 2019, doi: 10.1039/c9tc01874c.
[4]        Q. Zhang et al., “Origami and kirigami inspired self-folding for programming three-dimensional shape shifting of polymer sheets with light,” Extreme Mech Lett, vol. 11, pp. 111–120, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.eml.2016.08.004.
[5]        R. Xu et al., “Breathable Kirigami-Shaped Ionotronic e-Textile with Touch/Strain Sensing for Friendly Epidermal Electronics,” Advanced Fiber Materials, vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 1525–1534, 2022, doi: 10.1007/s42765-022-00186-z.
[6]        B. M. Li, I. Kim, Y. Zhou, A. C. Mills, T. J. Flewwellin, and J. S. Jur, “Kirigami‐inspired textile electronics: KITE,” Adv Mater Technol, vol. 4, no. 11, p. 1900511, 2019.
[7]        D. Thesiya, A. R. Srinivas, and P. Shukla, “A Novel Lateral Deployment Mechanism for Segmented Mirror/Solar Panel of Space Telescope,” Journal of Astronomical Instrumentation, vol. 4, no. 3–4, p. 1550006, 2015, doi: 10.1142/S2251171715500063.
[8]        X. Guo et al., “Two- and three-dimensional folding of thin film single-crystalline silicon for photovoltaic power applications,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 106, no. 48, pp. 20149–20154, 2009, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0907390106.
[9]        S. Zhang et al., “Coaxial 3D-Printed and kirigami-inspired deployable wearable electronics for complex body surfaces,” Compos Sci Technol, vol. 216, p. 109041, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.compscitech.2021.109041.
[10]      C. Zeng et al., “Kirigami-inspired organic and inorganic film-based flexible thermoelectric devices with built-in heat sink,” Nano Energy, vol. 121, p. 109213, 2024, doi: 10.1016/j.nanoen.2023.109213.
[11]      L. Ge, S. Wang, X. Song, S. Ge, and J. Yu, “3D Origami-based multifunction-integrated immunodevice: Low-cost and multiplexed sandwich chemiluminescence immunoassay on microfluidic paper-based analytical device,” Lab Chip, vol. 12, no. 17, pp. 3150–3158, 2012, doi: 10.1039/c2lc40325k.
[12]      B. Y. Ahn, D. Shoji, C. J. Hansen, E. Hong, D. C. Dunand, and J. A. Lewis, “Printed origami structures,” Advanced Materials, vol. 22, no. 20, pp. 2251–2254, 2010, doi: 10.1002/adma.200904232.
[13]      Y. Guo and Q. Yang, “Design of a Highly Sensitive Ionic Conductive Hydrogel Sensor based on the Kirigami Structure,” in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, IOP Publishing, 2023, p. 12033. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/2553/1/012033.
[14]      N. S. Jang, K. H. Kim, S. H. Ha, S. H. Jung, H. M. Lee, and J. M. Kim, “Simple Approach to High-Performance Stretchable Heaters Based on Kirigami Patterning of Conductive Paper for Wearable Thermotherapy Applications,” ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 9, no. 23, pp. 19612–19621, 2017, doi: 10.1021/acsami.7b03474.
[15]      M. K. Blees et al., “Graphene kirigami,” Nature, vol. 524, no. 7564, pp. 204–207, 2015, doi: 10.1038/nature14588.
[16]      T. C. Hull, Origami design secrets: mathematical methods for an ancient art, vol. 27, no. 2. CRC Press, 2005. doi: 10.1007/BF02985811.
[17]      Z. Song, Studies of Origami and Kirigami and Their Applications. Arizona State University, 2016.
[18]      Y. Chen, J. Au, P. Kazlas, A. Ritenour, H. Gates, and M. McCreary, “Flexible active-matrix electronic ink display,” Nature, vol. 423, no. 6936, p. 136, 2003, doi: 10.1038/423136a.
[19]      D. H. Kim et al., “Stretchable and foldable silicon integrated circuits,” Science (1979), vol. 320, no. 5875, pp. 507–511, 2008, doi: 10.1126/science.1154367.
[20]      E. A. Peraza-Hernandez, D. J. Hartl, R. J. Malak, and D. C. Lagoudas, “Origami-inspired active structures: A synthesis and review,” Smart Mater Struct, vol. 23, no. 9, p. 94001, 2014, doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/23/9/094001.
[21]      Z. Song et al., “Kirigami-based stretchable lithium-ion batteries,” Sci Rep, vol. 5, no. 1, p. 10988, 2015.
[22]      P. Won et al., “Stretchable and Transparent Kirigami Conductor of Nanowire Percolation Network for Electronic Skin Applications,” Nano Lett, vol. 19, no. 9, pp. 6087–6096, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.9b02014.
[23]      Z. Zhang et al., “Kirigami-Inspired Stretchable Conjugated Electronics,” Adv Electron Mater, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 1900929, 2020, doi: 10.1002/aelm.201900929.
[24]      박정재, “Transparent Kirigami Electrodes for Electronic Skin Applications,” 2019, 서울대학교 대학원.
[25]      J. S. Meena, S. Bin Choi, S. B. Jung, and J. W. Kim, “Electronic textiles: New age of wearable technology for healthcare and fitness solutions,” Mater Today Bio, vol. 19, p. 100565, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2023.100565.
[26]      M. Stoppa and A. Chiolerio, “Wearable electronics and smart textiles: A critical review,” Sensors (Switzerland), vol. 14, no. 7, pp. 11957–11992, 2014, doi: 10.3390/s140711957.
[27]      R. R. Ruckdashel, N. Khadse, and J. H. Park, “Smart E-Textiles: Overview of Components and Outlook,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 16, p. 6055, 2022, doi: 10.3390/s22166055.
[28]      G. Oatley, T. Choudhury, and P. Buckman, “Smart textiles for improved quality of life and cognitive assessment,” Sensors, vol. 21, no. 23, p. 8008, 2021, doi: 10.3390/s21238008.
[29]      C. Gonçalves, A. F. da Silva, J. Gomes, and R. Simoes, “Wearable e-textile technologies: A review on sensors, actuators and control elements,” Inventions, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 14, 2018, doi: 10.3390/inventions3010014.
[30]      A. S. Muhammad Sayem, S. Hon Teay, H. Shahariar, P. Luise Fink, and A. Albarbar, “Review on smart electro-clothing systems (SeCSs),” Sensors, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 587, 2020.
[31]      T. M. Fernández-Caramés and P. Fraga-Lamas, “Towards the internet-of-smart-clothing: A review on IoT wearables and garments for creating intelligent connected E-textiles,” Electronics (Switzerland), vol. 7, no. 12, p. 405, 2018, doi: 10.3390/electronics7120405.
[32]      K. Cherenack and L. Van Pieterson, “Smart textiles: Challenges and opportunities,” J Appl Phys, vol. 112, no. 9, 2012.
[33]      J. Shi et al., “Smart Textile-Integrated Microelectronic Systems for Wearable Applications,” Advanced Materials, vol. 32, no. 5, p. 1901958, 2020, doi: 10.1002/adma.201901958.
[34]      X. Liu, C. Li, Z. Wang, Y. Li, J. Huang, and H. Yu, “Wide-Range Flexible Capacitive Pressure Sensors Based on Origami Structure,” IEEE Sens J, vol. 21, no. 8, pp. 9798–9807, 2021, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2021.3058275.
[35]      J. H. Low, P. S. Chee, E. H. Lim, and V. Ganesan, “Kirigami-inspired self-powered pressure sensor based on shape fixation treatment in IPMC material,” Smart Mater Struct, vol. 33, no. 2, p. 25029, 2024, doi: 10.1088/1361-665X/ad1def.
[36]      W. Chen, L. X. Liu, H. Bin Zhang, and Z. Z. Yu, “Kirigami-Inspired Highly Stretchable, Conductive, and Hierarchical Ti3C2TxMXene Films for Efficient Electromagnetic Interference Shielding and Pressure Sensing,” ACS Nano, vol. 15, no. 4, pp. 7668–7681, 2021, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01277.
[37]      X. Chen, Y. Li, X. Wang, and H. Yu, “Origami Paper-Based Stretchable Humidity Sensor for Textile-Attachable Wearable Electronics,” ACS Appl Mater Interfaces, vol. 14, no. 31, pp. 36227–36237, 2022, doi: 10.1021/acsami.2c08245.
[38]      Y. Zhao et al., “Thermal Emission Manipulation Enabled by Nano-Kirigami Structures,” Small, vol. 20, no. 3, p. 2305171, 2024, doi: 10.1002/smll.202305171.
[39]      J. H. Kim, S. E. Lee, and B. H. Kim, “Applications of flexible and stretchable three-dimensional structures for soft electronics,” Soft Science, vol. 3, no. 2, p. N-A, 2023, doi: 10.20517/ss.2023.07.
[40]      Y. Yu, S. Peng, M. Islam, S. Wu, and C. H. Wang, “Wearable Supercapacitive Temperature Sensors with High Accuracy Based on Ionically Conductive Organogel and Macro-Kirigami Electrode,” Adv Mater Technol, vol. 8, no. 4, p. 2201020, 2023, doi: 10.1002/admt.202201020.
[41]      T. Noushin and S. Tabassum, “Kirigami-Shaped Dual-Functional Strain and Temperature Sensors for Monitoring Body Movements and Hyperthermia Toward Physiotherapy Applications,” IEEE Sens J, vol. 24, no. 6, pp. 7253–7263, 2024, doi: 10.1109/JSEN.2023.3272622.
[42]      Z. Yu et al., “Bio-inspired Copper Kirigami Motifs Leading to a 2D–3D Switchable Structure for Programmable Fog Harvesting and Water Retention,” Adv Funct Mater, vol. 33, no. 5, p. 2210730, 2023, doi: 10.1002/adfm.202210730.
[43]      N. Colozza, V. Caratelli, D. Moscone, and F. Arduini, “Origami paper-based electrochemical (bio) sensors: State of the art and perspective,” Biosensors (Basel), vol. 11, no. 9, p. 328, 2021.
[44]      M. Zhang et al., “Time-space-resolved origami hierarchical electronics for ultrasensitive detection of physical and chemical stimuli,” Nat Commun, vol. 10, no. 1, p. 1120, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09070-8.
[45]      R. Tabassian, M. Mahato, S. Nam, V. H. Nguyen, A. Rajabi-Abhari, and I. K. Oh, “Electro-Active and Photo-Active Vanadium Oxide Nanowire Thermo-Hygroscopic Actuators for Kirigami Pop-up,” Advanced Science, vol. 8, no. 23, p. 2102064, 2021, doi: 10.1002/advs.202102064.
[46]      W. Wang et al., “Kirigami/Origami-Based Soft Deployable Reflector for Optical Beam Steering,” Adv Funct Mater, vol. 27, no. 7, p. 1604214, 2017, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201604214.
[47]      Z. Shen et al., “Soft Origami Optical-Sensing Actuator for Underwater Manipulation,” Front Robot AI, vol. 7, p. 616128, 2021, doi: 10.3389/frobt.2020.616128.
[48]      ر. ز. زعیم, یعقوبی, کاملیا, خواجوی, and رامین, “مروری بر کاربرد مواد هوشمند در منسوجات,” علوم و فناوری نساجی و پوشاک, vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 107–135, 2024.
[49]      C. Mao, J. Jin, D. Mei, and Y. Wang, “Development of Kirigami‐Patterned Stretchable Tactile Sensor Array with Soft Hinges for Highly Sensitive Force Detection (Adv. Sensor Res. 8/2024),” Advanced Sensor Research, vol. 3, no. 8, p. 202470023, 2024, doi: 10.1002/adsr.202470023.
[50]      R. Sun et al., “Kirigami stretchable strain sensors with enhanced piezoelectricity induced by topological electrodes,” Appl Phys Lett, vol. 112, no. 25, 2018, doi: 10.1063/1.5025025.
[51]      X. Yang et al., “Knee function assessment of anterior cruciate ligament injury with a Kirigami buckling-resistant stretchable sensor,” SmartMat, vol. 5, no. 5, p. e1271, 2024, doi: 10.1002/smm2.1271.
[52]      Y. G. Kim, J. H. Song, S. Hong, and S. H. Ahn, “Piezoelectric strain sensor with high sensitivity and high stretchability based on kirigami design cutting,” npj Flexible Electronics, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 52, 2022, doi: 10.1038/s41528-022-00186-4.
[53]      K. Meng et al., “Kirigami-Inspired Pressure Sensors for Wearable Dynamic Cardiovascular Monitoring,” Advanced Materials, vol. 34, no. 36, p. 2270258, 2022, doi: 10.1002/adma.202202478.
[54]      H. Huang, C. J. Cai, B. S. Yeow, J. Ouyang, and H. Ren, “Highly stretchable and kirigami-structured strain sensors with long silver nanowires of high aspect ratio,” Machines, vol. 9, no. 9, p. 186, 2021, doi: 10.3390/machines9090186.
[55]      Y. Hong et al., “Highly anisotropic and flexible piezoceramic kirigami for preventing joint disorders,” Sci Adv, vol. 7, no. 11, p. eabf0795, 2021, doi: 10.1126/SCIADV.ABF0795.
[56]      D. M. Sussman et al., “Algorithmic lattice kirigami: A route to pluripotent materials,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 112, no. 24, pp. 7449–7453, 2015, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1506048112.
[57]      G. P. T. Choi, L. H. Dudte, and L. Mahadevan, “Programming shape using kirigami tessellations,” Nat Mater, vol. 18, no. 9, pp. 999–1004, 2019, doi: 10.1038/s41563-019-0452-y.
[58]      T. Hull, Project origami: Activities for exploring mathematics, second edition. CRC Press, 2012.
[59]      T. Castle et al., “Making the cut: Lattice kirigami rules,” Phys Rev Lett, vol. 113, no. 24, p. 245502, 2014, doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.245502.
[60]      H. Khosravi, S. M. Iannucci, and S. Li, “Pneumatic Soft Actuators With Kirigami Skins,” Front Robot AI, vol. 8, p. 749051, 2021, doi: 10.3389/frobt.2021.749051.
[61]      Y. Tang, Y. Li, Y. Hong, S. Yang, and J. Yin, “Programmable active kirigami metasheets with more freedom of actuation,” Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol. 116, no. 52, pp. 26407–26413, 2019, doi: 10.1073/pnas.1906435116.
[62]      Y. Zhang et al., “Kirigami-inspired, three-dimensional piezoelectric pressure sensors assembled by compressive buckling,” npj Flexible Electronics, vol. 8, no. 1, p. 23, 2024, doi: 10.1038/s41528-024-00310-6.
[63]      J. N. Grima, P. S. Farrugia, C. Caruana, R. Gatt, and D. Attard, “Auxetic behaviour from stretching connected squares,” J Mater Sci, vol. 43, no. 17, pp. 5962–5971, 2008, doi: 10.1007/s10853-008-2765-0.
[64]      J. N. Grima and K. E. Evans, “Auxetic behavior from rotating triangles,” J Mater Sci, vol. 41, no. 10, pp. 3193–3196, 2006, doi: 10.1007/s10853-006-6339-8.
[65]      K. Cai, J. Luo, Y. Ling, J. Wan, and Q. H. Qin, “Effects of size and surface on the auxetic behaviour of monolayer graphene kirigami,” Sci Rep, vol. 6, no. 1, p. 35157, 2016, doi: 10.1038/srep35157.
[66]      Z. Li, Q. Yang, R. Fang, W. Chen, and H. Hao, “Crushing performances of Kirigami modified honeycomb structure in three axial directions,” Thin-Walled Structures, vol. 160, p. 107365, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.tws.2020.107365.
[67]      K. Virk et al., “SILICOMB PEEK Kirigami cellular structures: Mechanical response and energy dissipation through zero and negative stiffness,” Smart Mater Struct, vol. 22, no. 8, p. 84014, 2013, doi: 10.1088/0964-1726/22/8/084014.
[68]      R. M. Neville et al., “A Kirigami shape memory polymer honeycomb concept for deployment,” Smart Mater Struct, vol. 26, no. 5, p. 05LT03, 2017, doi: 10.1088/1361-665X/aa6b6d.
[69]      T. Han, F. Scarpa, and N. L. Allan, “Super stretchable hexagonal boron nitride Kirigami,” Thin Solid Films, vol. 632, pp. 35–43, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.tsf.2017.03.059.
[70]      S. Kumar, T. Mishra, and A. Mahata, “Manipulation of mechanical properties of monolayer molybdenum disulfide: Kirigami and hetero-structure based approach,” Mater Chem Phys, vol. 252, p. 123280, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.matchemphys.2020.123280.
[71]      S. H. Chen, K. C. Chan, T. M. Yue, and F. F. Wu, “Highly stretchable kirigami metallic glass structures with ultra-small strain energy loss,” Scr Mater, vol. 142, pp. 83–87, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.scriptamat.2017.08.037.
[72]      T. C. Shyu et al., “A kirigami approach to engineering elasticity in nanocomposites through patterned defects,” Nat Mater, vol. 14, no. 8, pp. 785–789, 2015, doi: 10.1038/nmat4327.
[73]      X. Guo et al., “Designing Mechanical Metamaterials with Kirigami-Inspired, Hierarchical Constructions for Giant Positive and Negative Thermal Expansion,” Advanced Materials, vol. 33, no. 3, p. 2004919, 2021, doi: 10.1002/adma.202004919.
[74]      L. Jing et al., “Kirigami metamaterials for reconfigurable toroidal circular dichroism,” NPG Asia Mater, vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 888–898, 2018, doi: 10.1038/s41427-018-0082-x.
[75]      Y. Niu et al., “The new generation of soft and wearable electronics for health monitoring in varying environment: From normal to extreme conditions,” Materials Today, vol. 41, pp. 219–242, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.mattod.2020.10.004.
[76]      M. Amjadi, K. U. Kyung, I. Park, and M. Sitti, “Stretchable, Skin-Mountable, and Wearable Strain Sensors and Their Potential Applications: A Review,” Adv Funct Mater, vol. 26, no. 11, pp. 1678–1698, 2016, doi: 10.1002/adfm.201504755.
[77]      B. Younes, “Smart E-textiles: A review of their aspects and applications,” Journal of Industrial Textiles, vol. 53, p. 15280837231215492, 2023, doi: 10.1177/15280837231215493.
[78]      S. Park and S. Jayaraman, “Smart textiles: Wearable electronic systems,” MRS Bull, vol. 28, no. 8, pp. 585–591, 2003, doi: 10.1557/mrs2003.170.
[79]      Y. Morikawa, S. Yamagiwa, H. Sawahata, R. Numano, K. Koida, and T. Kawano, “Donut-Shaped Stretchable Kirigami: Enabling Electronics to Integrate with the Deformable Muscle,” Adv Healthc Mater, vol. 8, no. 23, p. 1900939, 2019, doi: 10.1002/adhm.201900939.
[80]      M. Jo et al., “3D Printer-Based Encapsulated Origami Electronics for Extreme System Stretchability and High Areal Coverage,” ACS Nano, vol. 13, no. 11, pp. 12500–12510, 2019, doi: 10.1021/acsnano.9b02362.

  • تاریخ دریافت 17 اسفند 1403
  • تاریخ بازنگری 06 مرداد 1404
  • تاریخ پذیرش 29 شهریور 1404