Journal of Textile Science and Technology

Journal of Textile Science and Technology

Investigation of experimental and simulation performance of the flexural performance of cementitious composites reinforced with 3D weft knitted fabrics

Document Type : Research/ Original/ Regular Article

Authors
, Bentolhoda Adosi 1
seyed abbas mirjalili, 1
mostafa adresi 2
1 Department of Textile Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
2 Associate professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering of Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
10.22034/jtst.2025.496701.1485
Abstract
Recently, there has been a growing interest in researching and utilizing cementitious composites reinforced with fabrics due to their unique mechanical properties. In this study, three types of 3D circular weft-knitted fabrics with different weave patterns in the bottom layer were used. The research focused on investigating the results of flexural tests on 3D fabric-reinforced composites in the laboratory, as well as simulating them using Abaqus software and performing finite element analysis. The results indicated that the composites reinforced in the weft direction exhibited higher flexural stress compared to those in the warp direction. Consequently, the cementitious composite reinforced with the SF1 weave in the weft direction, cured at 23°C for 7 days, demonstrated the highest flexural strength. The simulation, using a homogenization method with a repeating unit cell and applying a modified rule of mixtures, achieved acceptable agreement in the elastic region and was capable of predicting the flexural properties of the composite within the elastic range, showing good consistency.
Keywords
Reinforced composites
Cement
3D weft knitted fabrics
Abacus software
Flexural strength

Subjects

1]           A. H. López, J. L. G. Calvo, J. G. Olmo, S. Petit, and M. C. Alonso, “Microstructural evolution of calcium aluminate cements hydration with silica fume and fly ash additions by scanning electron microscopy, and mid and near-infrared spectroscopy,” J. Am. Ceram. Soc., vol. 91, no. 4, pp. 1258–1265, 2008.
[2]          Ö. Kirca, I. Özgür Yaman, and M. Tokyay, “Compressive strength development of calcium aluminate cement-GGBFS blends,” Cem. Concr. Compos., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 163–170, 2013.
[3]          P. He, B. Zhang, J. X. Lu, and C. S. Poon, “A ternary optimization of alkali-activated cement mortars incorporating glass powder, slag and calcium aluminate cement,” Constr. Build. Mater., vol. 240, p. 117983, 2020.
[4]          H. H. S. Ramakrishna, N.K. Cuong, “Tensile properties of plain weft knitted glass fiber fabric reinforced epoxy composites,” J. Reinf. Plast. Compos., vol. 16, no. 10, pp. 946–966, 1997.
[5]          S. Ramakrishna, “Characterization and modeling of the tensile properties of plain weft-knit fabric-reinforced composites,” Compos. Sci. Technol., vol. 57, no. 1, pp. 1–22, 1997.
[6]          S. Ramakrishna, “Analysis and modeling of plain knitted fabric reinforced composites,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 52–70, 1997.
[7]          S. G. Vassiliadis, A. E. Kallivretaki, and C. G. Provatidis, “Geometrical modelling of plain weft knitted fabrics,” Indian J. Fibre Text. Res., vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 62–71, 2007.
[8]          S. G. Vassiliadis, A. E. Kallivretaki, and C. G. Provatidis, “Mechanical simulation of the plain weft knitted fabrics,” Int. J. Cloth. Sci. Technol., vol. 19, no. 2, pp. 109–130, 2007.
[9]          T. D. Dinh, O. Weeger, S. Kaijima, and S.-K. Yeung, “Prediction of mechanical properties of knitted fabrics under tensile and shear loading: Mesoscale analysis using representative unit cells and its validation,” Compos. Part B Eng., vol. 148, pp. 81–92, Sep. 2018.
[10]        S. B. Abdellahi, S. M. Hejazi, and H. Hasani, “Investigation of flexural behavior of 3D textile reinforced concrete using both experimental tests and finite element method,” J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., vol. 20, no. 5, pp. 578–594, 2018.
[11]        J. C. Velosa, S. Rana, R. Fangueiro, and S. Marques, “Predicting mechanical behavior of novel sandwich composite panels based on 3D warp-knitted spacer fabrics using Finite Element Method (FEM),” ECCM 2012 - Compos. Venice, Proc. 15th Eur. Conf. Compos. Mater., no. June, pp. 24–28, 2012.
[12]        M. Ravandi, A. Moradi, S. Ahlquist, and M. Banu, “Numerical Simulation of the Mechanical Behavior of a Weft-Knitted Carbon Fiber Composite under Tensile Loading,” Polymers (Basel)., vol. 14, no. 3, 2022.
[13]        R. Hessami, A. A. Yazdi, and A. Mazidi, “Investigation of tensile and flexural behavior of biaxial and rib 1 × 1 weft-knitted composite using experimental tests and multi-scale finite element modeling,” J. Compos. Mater., vol. 53, no. 23, pp. 3201–3215, 2019.
[14]        B. Eller, M. R. Majid, and S. Fischer, “Laboratory Tests and FE Modeling of the Concrete Canvas, for Infrastructure Applications,” Acta Polytech. Hungarica, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 9–20, 2022.
[15]        K. Delavari and H. Dabiryan, “Effect of Z-fiber orientation on the bending behavior of sandwich-structured composite: Numerical and experimental study,” Compos. Struct., vol. 256, p. 113140, 2021.
[16]        X. Chen, Modelling and predicting textile behaviour. Woodhead Publishing Ltd, 2009.
[17]        C. A. Felippa, Introduction to finite element methods, lacture notes. Department of aerospace engineering sciences of the university of Colorado, Boulder, 2004.
[18]        B. Adosi, Seyed Abbas Mirjalili, M. Adresi, Jean-Marc Tulliani, and P. Antonaci, “Experimental Evaluation of Tensile Performance of Aluminate Cement Composite Reinforced with Weft Knitted Fabrics as a Function of Curing Temperature,” vol. 13, no. 4385, 2021.
[19]        “ASTM D8058-19 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Flexural Strength of a Geosynthetic Cementitious Composite Mat (GCCM) Using the Three-Point Bending Test.

  • Receive Date 30 December 2024
  • Revise Date 20 February 2025
  • Accept Date 26 February 2025