Extraction of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell: Characterization of Chitosan and Its Application for Removal of Reactive Blue 13 and Acid Green 3 Dyes from an Aqueous Solution
P.
Shahriari Namin
Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e- Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
S.
Habibi
Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e- Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
M.R.
Allah Gholi Ghasri
Department of Chemistry, Shahr-e- Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2013
per
Dyes in industrial wastewater, even at low concentrations, are also highly toxic and carcinogenic, and entry of these substances into the environment causes intense water pollution, impairment of aquatic life and human health, so the removal of these noxious substances are necessary. Also researchers around the world are always looking for easy and affordable methods to clean the environment and industrial wastewater from polluting agents and specifically the dyes. On the other hand, bioabsorbents because of the abundance, availability in nature and eco-friendly nature have attracted much attention. Moreover chitosan is one of the bioabsorbents, which has shown interesting potential for removal of various contaminants (dyes) from wastewater. In this study the extraction of chitosan from shrimp shell and its ability to remove anionic dyes, acid green 3 (AG3) and reactive blue 13 (RB13), were investigated. Therefore, chitin was extracted by dilute hydrochloric acid followed by dilute sodium hydroxide and finally it was deacetylated by concentrated sodium hydroxide to produce chitosan. The test of color removal in a batch system and also the effects of pH, temperature, contact time and adsorbent dose, were investigated. Chitosan was characterized by XRD, SEM and FTIR. The degree of deacetylation of 70% for chitosan was confirmed by FTIR, and molecular weight of 1.4 × 105 was obtained by viscometry. Based on these results, the pH and temperature are very important parameters in the removal of both dyes. Also the contact time and amount of adsorbent were considered important for the removal of RB13, but not in case of AG3. Chitosan under optimized conditions is found to remove 89% and 91% of RB13 and AG3, respectively; an indication of the proper functioning of chitosan extracted from shrimp shell in dyes removal.
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Today Textile Institute
2151-7162
3
v.
3
no.
2013
3
10
https://www.jtst.ir/article_4767_c0042d348fe4fe8bd47136097295a8a5.pdf
Factorial Analysis and K-Means Clustering Methods for Extraction of Human Body Size Parameters and Shape Groupings
R.
Shamsaei
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
P.
Payvandy
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
S.
Fattahi
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
text
article
2013
per
Classification of different types of human body by adoption of meaningful rules obtained from data analysis of different parts of the body is very important as it is applied in many scientific methods. Applying data mining techniques on the obtained data and extraction of their meaningful rules could be helpful for different types of classification and ultimate determination of the garment of sizing system. It is important to note that recognition of differences in human body shape groupings and extraction of significant dimensional body variability can be used by dress designers and clothing manufacturers. In this study 10 body parts of 2002 Iranian men of 18 to 30 years old were measured for their body shape determination. In this study, factor analysis was employed to extract important variables and K-means clustering for body shape grouping. The obtained data were categorized into four groups of men's clothing sizes.
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Today Textile Institute
2151-7162
3
v.
3
no.
2013
11
16
https://www.jtst.ir/article_4768_139ce371ab6b0f6a53c2417f48ea22c1.pdf
Image Processing for Optimization of Thresholding Methods and Determination of Nanofibers Diameter
N.
Dehghan
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
P.
Payvandy
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
M. A.
Tavanaei
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yazd University, Yazd, Iran
author
text
article
2013
per
Polymer fibers have extensive applications in various areas of industrial products such as textiles, composites, medical and etc. The physical properties of a fiber could be directly influenced by its diameter. So, by reducing the diameter of fibers down to nanoscale some unique properties of these materials can be achieved which make them very efficient in different applications. Therefore, development of techniques for accurate automation measure of fiber diameter is greatly desirable. In recent years, image processing is a common method used to measure the diameters. In this study direct tracking and conversion distance are the two methods that are discussed and compared. Since the implementation of the above method for determination of fiber diameter needs a binary image, a new algorithm has been developed to optimize the threshold method. To evaluate the accuracy of the methods, the images are created with definite parameters. Comparison of methods shows that diameter estimate by the direct method is more effective than distance method.
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Today Textile Institute
2151-7162
3
v.
3
no.
2013
17
28
https://www.jtst.ir/article_4769_12104c9da82ebee3e20f7c8001e12cfb.pdf
Prediction of Bending Behavior of Woven Fabric Using a Mechanical Model Based on the Theory of Bending of Elastic Cantilever Beam
A.
Arshi
Department of Textile Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
author
A. R.
Moghassem
Department of Textile Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
author
S. Z.
Gohari
Department of Textile Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
author
text
article
2013
per
The bending behavior of plain woven fabric has been predicted on the basis of its structural characteristics and constituent yarns properties. A mechanical model based on the theory of bending of elastic cantilever beam has been developed and bending length of the beam under its own weight has been calculated for all values of deformation. In testing analysis, different samples of plain woven fabrics were prepared. The samples were tested for bending length, bending rigidity and bending modulus using standard test methods. In order to calculate the bending parameters based on the proposed mechanical model, the count and tensile characteristics of warp and weft yarns and also fabric thicknesses were determined. Then the fabric constructional parameters were calculated using Peirce's structural model for plain woven fabric. Bending length of the fabrics with a deformation of 41.50° was predicted theoretically after calculating the required parameters using a developed model. Then, the theoretical bending rigidity and bending modulus were predicted using Peirce's equations in bending state. The results of the study show that, the proposed model is able to predict bending behavior of plain woven fabric with high degree of precision. It is concluded that, minimum and maximum errors in calculating bending length are 9.85% and 20.23% in warp direction and 0.84% and 3.70% in weft direction, respectively.
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Today Textile Institute
2151-7162
3
v.
3
no.
2013
29
38
https://www.jtst.ir/article_4770_61c5d500a8b3192048da78c24faff4a2.pdf
Development and Characterization of Hollow Nanofibers: A Review
E.
Tajary Sarab
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
V.
Mottaghitalab
Department of Textile Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
author
text
article
2013
per
Electrospinning is a novel and efficient method by which fibers with nanoscale diameters are produced in a simple and sophisticated manner. In fact, this technique is the most popular route for producing nanofibers in variety of profiles including core/shell, porous and hollow nanofibers. Amongst numerous profiles, the hollow nanofibers due to higher specific area compared to normal nanofiber have found extensive applications in different areas such as sensors, solar cells, fuel cells, catalysts and also drug delivery. The current paper attempts to present a comprehensive review on different approaches for producing hollow nanofibers based on electrospinning with no nozzle and equipped with one needle and coaxial needle. In the final part, a specific attention has been paid on conductive hollow nanofibers. Furthermore, the classified information regarding various characterization techniques including microscopy and spectroscopy is reported for detail investigation on hollow nanofiber. Diverse applications of hollow nanofiber based on appropriate studies are also presented.
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Today Textile Institute
2151-7162
3
v.
3
no.
2013
39
60
https://www.jtst.ir/article_4771_d137d33493dd73be3fbe2acee1e5cd51.pdf
Numerical Simulation of Air Permeability in Plain Woven Fabrics
M.
Keshe Farahani
Department of Textile Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
author
A. R.
Moghassem
Department of Textile Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
author
S. Z.
Gohari
Department of Textile Engineering, Qaemshahr Branch, Islamic Azad University, Qaemshahr, Iran
author
text
article
2013
per
Air permeability behavior is an important property with an indisputable influence on the application of fabric for technical purpose and clothing applications. The simple method to study air permeability is testing fabric sample under standard condition using the appropriate developed testing equipments. However, simulation of this property is obligatory in the production of woven textile with prescribed air permeability. Among various approaches, numerical methods are considered useful because of the accurate results obtained. For this reason, in this paper a three-dimensional simple model of warp and weft yarns interlacing was drawn and air permeability behavior of plain woven fabrics was simulated in accordance with the experimental conditions. Fabric constructional parameters required to draw a unit cell of the fabric were calculated using Peirce's structural model for plain woven fabric. Comparing the experimental results and data derived from numerical model showed that, it is possible to simulate air permeability in plain woven fabrics by numerical approach. In addition, minimum and maximum numerical prediction errors were 3.41% and 20.92%, respectively.
Journal of Textile Science and Technology
Today Textile Institute
2151-7162
3
v.
3
no.
2013
61
68
https://www.jtst.ir/article_4772_4fa442c006a9e47f6c1727c07c7115e0.pdf